Organization / Program Name(s) Located In Description (Brief)
AboutFaceNorth York West Provides emotional, peer and social support, resources, educational programs and public awareness for and on behalf of individuals with facial differences and their families
Algonquin Family Health Team, Huntsville - Canada Summit Centre, Wellness Hub, TheHuntsville A collaborative effort with community partners to provide visible, accessible, and reliable health promotion and healthy living information, education, and programs to the community. Programs and serv ...
Almaguin Highlands Health CentreBurk's Falls Health centre that houses a variety of health care providers such as: * Diagnostic Imaging, X-ray: ext 224 * Lab blood work, E.C.G. tests: ext 225 * Physiotherapy, by referral: ext 235 * Addiction Out ...
ALS CanadaHastings County ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) is known as Lou Gehrigs's Disease. Committed to support research towards a cure. Support provincial ALS Societies in their provision of quality care for persons liv ...
ALS Canada, Mailing Address, ALS Canada Community ServicesBarrie Community services for people with ALS and their families and friends * provides 1-1 support for individuls and families affected by ALS * provides access to ALS Society of Canada's Equipment Loan pro ...
Alzheimer Society of MuskokaBracebridge The Alzheimer Society of Muskoka is dedicated to improving the quality of life for individuals living in Muskoka and Parry Sound with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Support Groups for caregi ...
Alzheimer Society of Muskoka, Finding Your WayBracebridge Helps people living with dementia, their families, caregivers and communities to recognize the risk of going missing, be prepared for incidents of going missing, and ensure that people with dementia c ...
Alzheimer Society of Muskoka, First Link ProgramBracebridge Helps people living with dementia and their family make informed choices so they can live better with dementia at every stage of the disease * Assists with identifying and accessing the information, ...
Arthritis Society CanadaToronto Downtown Central Funds and promotes arthritis education, research-based solutions and community-based support Education, programs and support to people living with arthritis Arthritis Rehabilitation and Education Prog ...
Asthma Society of CanadaToronto Downtown Asthma information, education and prevention resources and programs and helpline with a certified respiratory therapist
Bartimaeus, Simcoe County - Mobile serviceBarrie Child and youth services: Experienced Child and Youth Counsellors (or equivalent) with a minimum of 5 yrs experience to provide: * consultation * support * respite * program planning and implementati ...
Brain Injury Services Muskoka Simcoe, Barrie OfficeBarrie Community based support to individuals and their families who are living with the ongoing effects of an acquired brain injury (ABI) * rehabilitation services are based on each person's specific needs ...
Brain Injury Services Muskoka Simcoe, Collingwood, Adult Day ProgramCollingwood Adult Day Program * supported social, recreation, and therapeutic activities for individuals living with the ongoing effects of acquired brain injury (ABI) * helps to support family caregivers who pro ...
Brain Injury Services Muskoka Simcoe, Midland, Adult Day ProgramMidland Adult Day Program * supported social, recreation, and therapeutic activities for individuals living with the ongoing effects of acquired brain injury (ABI) * helps to support family caregivers who pro ...
Brain Injury Services Muskoka Simcoe, Muskoka OfficeGravenhurst Community based support to individuals and their families who are living with the ongoing effects of an acquired brain injury (ABI) * rehabilitation services are based on each person's specific needs ...
Brain Injury Services Muskoka Simcoe, Orillia, Adult Day ProgramOrillia Adult Day Program * supported social, recreation, and therapeutic activities for individuals living with the ongoing effects of acquired brain injury (ABI) * helps to support family caregivers who pro ...
Brainworks HuntsvilleHuntsville Serves a broad range of clients, from those looking to optimize their mental health performance or brain functioning, to those recovering from serious injury or loss, such as brain injury, chronic pai ...
BRIA Mental Healthcare, OnlineToronto Provides a virtual mental health clinic for women who are trying to conceive or are pregnant, postpartum or perimenopausal. Services offered: * individual therapy * couples therapy * supportive partne ...
Camp OochigeasSeguin A privately funded, volunteer-based organization that provides kids affected by childhood cancer with unique opportunities for growth through challenging, fun, enriching and magical experiences at no ...
Camp Trillium Childhood Cancer Support CentreHamilton Runs recreational camps and activities. Residential camp locations: Camp Trillium Oddfellow & Rebekah Island is on West Lake near Picton Ontario. Rainbow Lake Camp is on Rainbow Lake, in Waterford Ont ...
Canadian Alopecia Areata FoundationKing Township Services * supports individuals with alopecia with community events, support groups, yearly conferences and discussion forums including Facebook groups for community support in English and French * m ...
Canadian Angelman Syndrome Foundation, Canadian Angelman Syndrome SocietyEdmonton Angelman syndrome is a severe neurological disorder characterized by developmental delays, epilepsy, and problems with motor coordination and balance. This organization advances the awareness and tre ...
Canadian Cancer Society, Cancer Information ServiceOntario A national, bilingual, toll-free and web based service offering comprehensive information about cancer and community resources.
Canadian Cancer Society - Ontario Division, Cancer Information ServiceToronto Downtown North National, bilingual, toll-free service offering comprehensive information about cancer and community resources Information specialists respond to inquiries in a supportive manner and provide informat ...
Canadian Red Cross, Online Application, Stop the Spread and Stay SafeOwen Sound Provides access to free, rapid, self-administered COVID-19 screening tests for Frontline organizations in Ontario. Organizations can use the tests as part of their screening and safety measures to mit ...
Canadian Red Cross - Simcoe Muskoka, Simcoe Muskoka Branch, TransportationBarrie Non-emergency transportation for those in need, such as older adults and adults with disabilities in the community, who are unable to use public transportation or private means * Medical and essential ...
Cancer Care Ontario, Ontario Breast Screening ProgramToronto Cancer Care Ontario provides breast cancer screening for women aged 50-74 (no referral required) and recommends every two years for a screening. Women aged 30-69 (with referral) who have been confirme ...
Candlelighters Simcoe - Parents of Children with Cancer, Barrie - Mailing AddressBarrie Support organization for parents whose child or teen has been diagnosed with cancer * provide parents with knowledge of library and other community resources, a quarterly newsletter, social events for ...
CENTRAL EAST - LOCAL GROUPS SUPPORTING RESIDENTS BASIC NEEDS, MUSKOKA DISTRICTHuntsville Access to services and supports have been impacted by COVID-19 response measures. This topic listing includes a list of community based groups mobilizing to support local residents in need of assistan ...
CENTRAL EAST - LOCAL GROUPS SUPPORTING RESIDENTS BASIC NEEDS, SIMCOE COUNTYSimcoe Access to services and supports have been impacted by COVID-19 response measures. This topic listing includes a list of community based groups mobilizing to support local residents in need of assistan ...
Central East Stroke Network, BarrieBarrie One of 11 regional systems established to implement the Ontario Stroke System * goal is to improve access to evidence-based prevention and care in order to reduce stroke incidence, mortality and resid ...
Centre de santé communautaire CHIGAMIK Community Health Centre, Midland - Bayshore DrMidland Centre offers primary health care to registered clients, including the services of doctors, nurse practitioners, nurses, dieticians, community health workers, health promoters, physiotherapists, and m ...
Community Reach, TransportationMidland Provides two transportation programs for residents unable to use public transit due to a physical, cognitive, visual or sensory disability * Transportation Linking Communities (TLC) * Midland Accessib ...
Couchiching Family Health Organization, Several locations, North Simcoe Muskoka Low Back Pain Rapid Access ClinicOrillia Provides rapid low back pain assessment, education and evidence-based self-management plans. It is designed to decrease the prevalence of unmanageable chronic low back pain, reduce unnecessary diagno ...
Crohn's and Colitis Canada, Mailing Address, Northern Ontario  National nonprofit voluntary organization dedicated to raising money for research to find the cure for Crohn's and ulcerative colitis * provides information on Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) to pat ...
Cystic Fibrosis CanadaToronto Downtown North Support, care information and referral for families affected by Cystic Fibrosis * raises and allocates funds for nationally funded research and public education programs * promotes public awareness
Diabetes CanadaToronto Downtown Central Education and services for people with diabetes and healthcare professionals * advocates on behalf of people with diabetes * supports and funds diabetes research * develops and publishes clinical pra ...
Diabetes Canada, D-Camps OntarioHuntsville Diabetes Canada operates 9 Overnight Camps, 10 Family Camps and various Leadership Development Programs across Canada. All D-Camps programs aim to provide children living with type 1 diabetes with opp ...
Endometriosis Network CanadaCanada Provide people across Canada with the resources to help improve the quality of life for those living with endometriosis, services include: * online/virtual support groups, see Calendar for dates * edu ...
Enliven Cancer Care Muskoka, Muskoka District  Provides community cancer supports for cancer patients, survivors, caregivers and healthcare providers in Muskoka.
General Topics and Information - Central East, Flu Clinic Schedules, Central East Ontario  Online source for flu clinic locations at pharmacies   Vaccines411 Flu Shot Finder  or to search for various other locations in the community, visit  Ministry of Health and Long Term Care-Find a Flu S ...
Friends (The), District of Muskoka, Community and Health Care Services, District of MuskokaGravenhurst Provides support services for individuals with physical disabilities as well as frail, elderly seniors, and those living with age related dementia. Programs and services include: 24 hour Attendant Car ...
Friends (The), Parry Sound, Community and Health Care Services, Parry SoundParry Sound Services for persons requiring long term health care support to promote independence and quality of life including: 24 Hour Assisted Living: for frail, high-risk seniors requiring services to prevent ...
General Topics and Information - Central East, Disease Information and Facts - Zika Virus  The Public Health Agency of Canada and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) state that the Zika virus disease is primarily spread though the bite of an infected mosquito ...
Gilbert Centre for Social and Support Services, Barrie OfficeBarrie Provides social and support services and health services to empower, promote health, and celebrate the lives of people living with and affected by HIV, hepatitis C and other sexually transmitted infe ...
Gilda's Club Simcoe MuskokaBarrie FREE emotional and social support to anyone whose life has been impacted by cancer, services include: * professionally facilitated Support Groups * short-term counselling (including grief counselling) ...
Heart and Stroke, Mailing AddressToronto Raises funds for research and education to reduce death and disability from heart disease and stroke * runs fundraising year round * February is Heart Month and June is Stroke Month * callers can use ...
Hemophilia OntarioScarborough North Programs, support and education for people with inherited bleeding disorders * list of regional treatment centres * education through community days * camps for children, youth and families * financi ...
HIV & AIDS Legal Clinic Ontario (HALCO)Toronto Community legal clinic * advice, representation, referrals, advocacy * areas of law include privacy, social assistance, immigration, housing/tenant, pensions, Employment Insurance (EI), private insura ...
Huntsville Breast Cancer Support Group, HuntsvilleHuntsville Support group is on hold and in-person meetings have been suspended until further notice. Offers personal support to those who have had or may have breast cancer. Email for location of meeting as it ...
Hydrocephalus CanadaEtobicoke Central National organization that supports and and provides information to people with hydrocephalus or spina bifida and their families * personal support through online forum, support groups or one-to-one ...
Leukemia and Lymphoma Society of Canada - Ontario RegionNorth York East Funds blood cancer research projects, access to information and services, creates awareness, advocates and supports people with blood cancers Services and Programs: * First Connection Peer Support ...
LifeLabs, Barrie - Bayview Dr, Medical Laboratory Services and ECG TestingBarrie Provides medical laboratory services including: * blood work * sample collection for DNA testing * drugs of abuse collection and testing * Electrocardiogram (ECG) and Holter Monitoring testing * In-ho ...
LifeLabs, Barrie - Huronia Rd, Medical Laboratory Services and ECG TestingBarrie Provides medical laboratory services including: * blood work * sample collection for DNA testing * drugs of abuse collection and testing * Electrocardiogram (ECG) and Holter Monitoring testing * In-ho ...
LifeLabs, Barrie - Lakeside Terrace, Medical Laboratory ServicesBarrie Provides medical laboratory services including: * blood work * sample collection for DNA testing * drugs of abuse collection and testing * In-home and nursing home visits for bloodwork * offers COVID- ...
LifeLabs, Barrie - Quarry Ridge Rd, Medical Laboratory Services and ECG TestingBarrie Provides medical laboratory services including: * blood work * sample collection for DNA testing * drugs of abuse collection and testing * Electrocardiogram (ECG) and Holter Monitoring testing * In-ho ...
LifeLabs, Barrie - Wellington St W, Medical Laboratory Services and ECG TestingBarrie Provides medical laboratory services including: * blood work * sample collection for DNA testing * drugs of abuse collection and testing * Electrocardiogram (ECG) and Holter Monitoring testing * In-ho ...
LifeLabs, Innisfil, Medical Laboratory ServicesInnisfil Provides medical laboratory services including: * blood work * sample collection for DNA testing * drugs of abuse collection and testing * some locations offer COVID-19 testing required for Travel, Wo ...
Lions Camp DorsetLake of Bays Township COVID-19 Response Due to concerns regarding COVID-19, the camp will not open for the 2021 season. Regular Service Camp for Ontarians on kidney dialysis and their families. On site medical centre with ...
Look Good Feel Better, BarrieBarrie Two hour workshops for women that address the appearance-related impacts of cancer and its treatment for people with any type of cancer who are within one year of diagnosis/treatment * provide partici ...
March of Dimes Canada, Mailing Address - Barrie and York Region, Befriending ProgramRichmond Hill Connects people with physical disabilities or acquired brain injuries with screened volunteers who have similar interests and want to share their time. Activities can include anything from shopping, m ...
McConnell Foundation, Muskoka DistsrictBracebridge Assists residents of Muskoka who require financial assistance to pay for eyeglasses, assistive devices, dentures and dental work. All other available funding assistance must be accessed prior to makin ...
MedicAlert Foundation CanadaNorth York East Services include electronic health records, a secure database, a 24-hour Emergency Hotline and customized medical IDs for people with medical conditions and special needs MedicAlertTM Safely Home TM ...
Moose Deer Point First Nation, Mactier - 1025C Mitawbik Rd, Health ServicesGeorgian Bay Township Health services department of Moose Deer Point offering: * cultural awareness sessions * illness and injury prevention workshops * health promotion and educational workshops on a variety of health iss ...
Muscular Dystrophy Canada - Ontario Regional OfficeToronto Downtown North Education and support services to persons who have a neuromuscular disorder and are registered with Muscular Dystrophy Canada (MDC) * information and referrals about the nature and management of neur ...
Muskoka Algonquin Healthcare, Bracebridge - Hiram Street, Diabetes Education ProgramBracebridge COVID-19 Update Appointments may be completed by phone or virtually as determined on a case-by-case basis. Regular Service Support for people living with pre-diabetes or diabetes. Support for pregnan ...
Muskoka Algonquin Healthcare, Huntsville - 100 Frank Miller Dr - Howland Building, Diabetes Education ProgramHuntsville Support for people living with diabetes, pre-diabetes, Type 1 diabetes * One-on-one or group consultation on monitoring blood sugar levels, medications, healthy eating, exercise and other lifestyle ch ...
Muskoka Algonquin Healthcare, Huntsville District Memorial Hospital Site, Muskoka District Stroke CentreHuntsville Provides help to reduce the effects of stroke through treatment that follows province-wide best practices for stroke * The stroke team provides acute care for people who have experienced strokes * Thi ...
Muskoka Algonquin Healthcare, Ontario Breast Screening Program, Bracebridge - Ann St - South Muskoka Memorial Hospital SiteBracebridge Breast screening for early detection of breast cancer in women. Mammography screening results are sent to both the woman and her primary care provider. Women who receive normal results are automatical ...
Muskoka Algonquin Healthcare, Ontario Breast Screening Program, Huntsville District Memorial Hospital SiteHuntsville Breast screening for early detection of breast cancer in women. Mammography screening results are sent to both the woman and her primary care provider. Women who receive normal results are automatical ...
Muskoka Tourette Syndrome Resource Unit, Bracebridge, Support GroupBracebridge Support group for individuals with Tourette Syndrome, family members, educators and interested community members.
North Bay Parry Sound District Health Unit, Burk's Falls Office, North Bay Parry Sound District Health Unit, Private Drinking Water TestingBurk's Falls The Health Unit provides services and programs for: * Communicable Disease Control * Emergency Preparedness * Environmental Health * Healthy Families * Healthy Living * Healthy Schools * Oral Health * ...
North Simcoe Muskoka Home and Community Care Support Services, Barrie - Sperling Dr, TelehomecareBarrie Telehomecare supports patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or congestive heart failure (CHF) through health coaching and remote monitoring * patients are provided with easy-to-us ...
North Simcoe Muskoka Self Management Program, Wasaga Beach, Living a Healthy Life With Chronic Conditions or Chronic PainWasaga Beach Healthy living series for individuals living with Diabetes, Heart Disease, Arthritis, Chronic Lung Disease, Asthma, Fibromyalgia, Chronic Pain and other long-term illnesses. Two separate 6-week progra ...
Ontario. Ministry of Health, Ontario's Fertility ProgramToronto Downtown Central Program covers eligible people looking to conceive or expand their families * fertility program offers artificial insemination (including intra-uterine insemination), one cycle of in-vitro fertilizati ...
Ontario. Ministry of Health, Sexual Health Infoline OntarioToronto Downtown Province-wide free anonymous counselling, information and referrals to sexual health clinics and community agencies on HIV/AIDS, sexually transmitted infections, birth control options, sexual orientat ...
Ontario. Ministry of Health, Toronto - 5700 Yonge St, Assistive Devices ProgramNorth York Central Financial assistance to Ontario residents with long term physical disabilities for assistive devices essential for independent living Pays a percentage or fixed amount of the cost of equipment * 8,000 ...
Ontario. Ministry of Health, Toronto - 5700 Yonge St, Ontario Public Drug ProgramsEtobicoke Partial funding to cover the costs of prescription drugs listed in the Ontario Drug Benefit Formulary * includes nutrition products and diabetic testing agents * prescriptions for listed drugs must be ...
Orillia Soldiers' Memorial Hospital, Regional Kidney Care Program Simcoe Muskoka at OSMH - Meals Made Easy, Orillia - 170 Colborne St WOrillia Offers prepared meals with kidney dietary restrictions in mind so kidney care patients can eat healthier and within their dietary requirements. * Kidney friendly frozen meals that can be purchased thr ...
Orillia Soldiers' Memorial Hospital, Simcoe Regional Kidney Care Program, Orillia - 170 Colborne St WOrillia Regional Kidney Care Program located at Orillia Soldiers' Memorial Hospital Kidney Care Clinic * Pre-dialysis clinics and education sessions * Helps patients and families choose the best treatment whe ...
Osteoporosis Canada [Central East], Simcoe Muskoka - Mailing Address, Simcoe Muskoka ChapterClearview (Simcoe County) Educates, empowers and supplies individuals and communities in the risk reduction and treatment of Osteoporosis by raising awareness, promoting better bone health, educating health care professionals, ...
Ovarian Cancer CanadaToronto Downtown Ovarian Cancer Canada champions the health and well-being of women with ovarian cancer and others at risk of this disease by * advocating for and advancing research to develop new treatment options a ...
ParaMed Home Health Care, Muskoka Area OfficeHuntsville Provides nursing assessments and nursing care for all ages including: * Wound Care * Intravenous care * Palliative care * Acute care post hospitalization * Chronic disease management * Pediatric * Sch ...
Parkinson Canada, Bracebridge - South Muskoka Support Group, Support GroupsBracebridge Group typically meets for mutual support, as well as to learn more about living with Parkinson's disease. Currently the group is without a volunteer facilitator, so meetings are not taking place until ...
Peace of Mind Elder CareGravenhurst Specializes in Alzheimer's and dementia care. Services include: * personal care * companionship * gentle exercise * Alzheimer's Care * round-the-clock care * Caregiver relief * transportation to non- ...
Pregnancy and Infant Loss (PAIL) NetworkWhitby Programs and services available throughout Ontario Peer-led support programs delivered in a variety of ways * mixed group peer-led support * loss specific online peer-led group support * one-to-one t ...
Prisoners HIV / AIDS Support Action Network, Prisoners HIV/AIDS Support Action NetworkToronto Community-based prisoner health and harm reduction organization that provides support, education and advocacy to prisoners and ex-prisoners * system advocacy * counselling in person or by telephone (c ...
ProActive Rehab & Sport Injury Centre, Brain Injury Survivor Support GroupHuntsville COVID19 Support group temporarily suspended Regular Service: Support group for individuals who have experienced a brain injury and would like to share your experience and connect with others * There ...
Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre, Barrie - 201 Georgian Dr - David and Catherine Hudson Regional Cancer Centre, David and Catherine Hudson Regional Cancer CentreBarrie Designed for the assessment and treatment of cancer * 34 chemotherapy treatment spaces including Robotic Intravenous Automation System or RIVA * Staff team includes medical oncologists, radiation onco ...
Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre, Barrie - 201 Georgian Dr - David and Catherine Hudson Regional Cancer Centre, David and Catherine Hudson Regional Cancer Centre, Indigenous Project CoordinatorBarrie Help indigenous patients with cancer access health care support and services at home * co-ordinates traditional and non-traditional community resources and healing * counselling and support before, du ...
General Topics and Information - Central East, Simcoe Muskoka Rabies Vaccination Clinic, No Physical Location  Rabies vaccination clinics will be held at various locations. Local veterinarians host low-cost rabies clinics. Check Health Unit website for locations, dates and costs. All dogs must be on a leash an ...
Simcoe Muskoka District Health Unit, Barrie - 80 Bradford St, Sexual Health Counselling, Education and Clinic ServicesBarrie Sexual health clinic services include: * Birth control * Emergency contraception * Pregnancy testing and counseling * Referrals for therapeutic abortions * Anonymous HIV testing * Sexually Transmitted ...
Simcoe Muskoka District Health Unit, Gravenhurst Branch - 5 Pineridge Gate, Sexual Health Counselling, Education and Clinic ServicesGravenhurst Sexual health clinic services include: * Birth control * Emergency contraception * Pregnancy testing and counseling * Referrals for therapeutic abortions * Anonymous HIV testing * Sexually Transmitted ...
Simcoe Muskoka District Health Unit, Huntsville Branch - 34 Chaffey St, Sexual Health Counselling, Education and Clinic ServicesHuntsville Sexual health clinic services include: * Birth control * Emergency contraception * Pregnancy testing and counseling * Referrals for therapeutic abortions * Anonymous HIV testing * Sexually Transmitted ...
Simcoe Muskoka District Health Unit, Various locations, COVID-19 Vaccination Information/Management for MuskokaBracebridge COVID-19 Vaccine Information, and information specific to the Muskoka region changes rapidly, but up-to-date information can be found at this link. Status as of October 17, 2022 Bivalent vaccines * av ...
Spinal Cord Injury Ontario [Central East], Barrie, Barrie Regional OfficeBarrie Assists people with spinal cord injury (injuries) and other physical disabilities achieve independence, self-reliance and community participation, services include: Service Navigation - Providing prac ...
Spinal Cord Injury Ontario [Central East], Muskoka - No Physical Address, Spinal Cord Injury Ontario. Muskoka District  Assists people with spinal cord injuries and other physical disabilities to achieve independence, self-reliance and full community participation Services include: * counselling on disability related i ...
Thalidomide Victims Association of CanadaMontréal Non-profit charitable organization that helps Thalidomide victims with the problems of coping with their disabilities by providing non-monetary programs and services * Also provides public education t ...
Total Balance Physiotherapy, Bracebridge, Total Balance Physiotherapy, BracebridgeBracebridge Provides one-on-one care for the treatment of general aches and pains, neck or back pain and sports injuries. Also treats motor vehicle accidents and people experiencing vertigo Offers: * physiotherap ...
Tuberous Sclerosis Canada Sclérose TubéreuseBarrie Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a congenital genetic disease characterized by certain skin abnormalities and birthmarks, tuber-like growths in the eyes, the brain, and other internal organs, and v ...
Vitalaire, HuntsvilleHuntsville Services may include home oxygen, compressors and other respiratory supplies, CPAP, asthma and suction equipment. Staffing includes a registered respiratory therapist. Registered ADP vendor. ...
YMCA of Simcoe/Muskoka, Innisfil - Yonge St, YMCA Healthy HeartsInnisfil Supervised exercise program designed to help people regain strength, prevent their condition from worsening, reduce their risk of future heart problems, and improve their health and quality of life. P ...
YMCA of Simcoe/Muskoka, Mailing Address, iCan Cancer Rehabilitation ProgramInnisfil Community-based cancer rehabilitation program offered at the YMCA in partnership with the Simcoe Muskoka Regional Cancer Program at the Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre * program is for individua ...